Saluton esperantistoj! Today I will outline the concepts of prepositions, prefixes, and suffixes — essential concepts in the language of Esperanto.
Because Esperanto was designed to be easy to learn and remember, we find that many words are formed by simply attaching affixes to existing word stems. In my opinion, this falls short of the brilliance I find reflected in the construction of Russian words, but it’s still much better than having to learn 5-10x the vocabulary.
Also a note about Esperanto’s special characters. The additional characters required by the Esperanto alphabet required me to switch my Input Source from U.S. to U.S. Extended. This is relatively easy on a Macintosh, and doesn’t appear to have any negative consequences for me. I’m curious to know if that’s different for Windows or Linux users. (Leave a comment!)
If you are unable to switch your keyboard, there is a well-known standard of following the base character with an x (eg: ĝ is gx) to represent the special character. It is preferred to use the x method, rather than just leave the special characters off and expect people to understand.
And one last note: The sample sentences are all my own constructions. If any experienced Esperantists finds any errors, please let me know!
*Updated Wednesday, May 31, with the corrections in the comments.
I found this list of the basic prepositions in Esperanto at Wikipedia. They are as follows:
Prepositions can also function as prefixes in the role of altering the meaning of a word. For instance:
Mi vekiĝis dumnokta.
Ni kunlaboris.
Sennoma viro donacis monon.
In addition to using prepositions to modify words you can also use prefixes and suffixes. The prefixes and suffixes below are compile from two sources: Esperanto Panorama and Wikipedia.
While the list of prefixes already isn’t very long, this is also a somewhat shortened list. There were a few additional prefixes listed at the Wikipedia page, but there’s no need to waste a lot of attention on prefixes that only affect a handful of words.
Once again, this is a basic list. The Wikipedia page lists more suffixes, including affectionate forms and pejoratives, but for an accelerated track to fluency, I’m just looking for what I really need to know.
I have seen the suggestion from several different sources that once armed with this understanding of word modifers, a person could turn a modest vocabulary of a few hundred word stems into a comprehension of between 80-90% of what people say, hear, read, and write in Esperanto. Whether that’s accurate or not, I can’t say. But even if it falls a bit short, it still bodes well for my one-week challenge!
In addition to learning these modifiers, I continue to study word stems, but I have also had to learn numbers, as well as question words, and correllatives which is what we’ll look at tomorrow.
