
Prepositions are those short words which express conditions, directions, specifications, places and times, such as of, over, to, from, etc. They are parts of speech which native speakers seem to instinctively understerstand, but for which rules are often hard to find.
The most commonly used prepositions in Italian are: di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra, sotto, and sopra.
When they are not followed by (and bound to) articles, they are called preposizioni semplici – “simple prepositions”.
Di: “of”, indicating possession, or “from” indicating origin.
Examples:
A: “to” (indirect object and movement), “at” or “in”, indicating location (cities and places).
Examples:
Notes:
The directions right and left do not use an article.
When preposition a is followed by another word starting with a vowel, for mere phonetic reasons it changes to “ad”.
Da: “since”, “from” (to come from), “by” (passive) and it’s used with location referring to people.
Examples:
Notes: da Maria means “(at the home) of Maria”, in the same way that one might say chez Marie in French.
In: “in” for location, “by” for mode of transportation.
Examples:
Notes:
The preposition in is used when describing a method of travel, even one like a bicycle which we might be tempted to think of as “on”.
Con: “with”.
Examples:
Su: “on(to)”, “over”.
Examples:
Per: “for”, “to”, “by”, or even “as”, according to use.
Examples:
Tra/fra: “between”, or “in” when followed by a time expression.
Examples:
When followed by a noun that is preceded by definite article, the prepositions become preposizioni articolati, or “articulated prepositions.” Here, the simple preposition joins with the article to form a single word.
| il | lo | l’ | la | i | gli | le | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| di | del | dello | dell’ | della | dei | degli | delle |
| a | al | allo | all’ | alla | ai | agli | alle |
| da | dal | dallo | dall’ | dalla | dai | dagli | dalle |
| in | nel | nello | nell’ | nella | nei | negli | nelle |
| su | sul | sullo | sull’ | sulla | sui | sugli | sulle |
Examples: