The flashcard holy war rages on!

As the flashcards holy war rages on, I continue to be amazed at how far people will go to defend a bad idea — even after admitting that it’s bad.

One commenter said:

Ok, yes I agree flashcards are boring. I’ve tried using flashcards, but I just couldn’t sit through it (Anki software). It is just rote repetition. There is much researched to be done to improve SRS. However, I have to disagree on some points. You refer to the translation step as bad thing. The translation step is vital part of the SLA process…

It might not be clear to you as you read that, but that was intended to be a defense of flashcards. (As I read it, it sounds like an indictment.) But then he even attempts to paint word-for-word mental translation as a good and necessary part of language learning!

Really? You don’t think the translation step is bad? Tell that to this commenter:

How do you undo the process of translating in your brain? I hate, hate, hate that habit of mine, but I don’t know how to break myself of it. I try to be aware of what I’m doing with German, but every time I check in with my brain, I find myself translating as I go. Hate it!

or this one:

I agree with you on the flash cards. And this is coming from someone who studied Italian for 3 years and now is living in Italy and believe me those flash cards did not help a bit. What I have learned is that I must stop translating. TRANSLATING in your brain is bad. SO now I am learning ways to express myself.

Wow. Three years of study, and then living in Italy, and still unable to break the translation step. Whereas I’ve been learning for less than a year and I’ve never been to Italy, but I don’t have that problem.

But perhaps the best comment is this last one:

I absolutely won’t argue with the argument of not using SRS as it has happened to me. My girlfriend, who I met in my country learned English without SRS, without studying much and by simply speaking and using it. When I moved to her country, I studied grammar books, I built up an Anki vocabulary of nearly 4000 words, I purchased hundreds of books, and I got nowhere. I spent 2-3 hours everyday studying, doing pointless
exercises, etc.

True, I’m actually a walking dictionary, but I have to translate the word first. I can’t use the word in context without first seeing the Anki card. This in reality has done me more damage than good.

I’ve noticed the stuff I do understand without translating is the stuff I use everyday, I hear on TV or in music or I use in conversation. I now simply spend my time watching movies, reading and talking and I’m making far better progress. I realised it was bad when I was reading a blog and saw a word and couldn’t think where I had see it before, until I realised it was one of my Anki words and I needed to translate it.

It didn’t matter to me at the time that my girlfriend and all her friends learnt English without using flashcards, I believed the method was working for me, and I was wrong. I tried varying the way I was learning, i.e. Using whole sentences, etc. But flashcards have been my greatest hindrance.

Still think flashcards are good?

I have read arguments from people saying that you need to use sentences rather than words on your flashcards, so you can get it in context. But that’s not context. Context is when it’s used as part of a story, or an opinion, or a conversation. A sentence on a card is just one possible use of a word… some words have several dozen uses! I know you’re not doing 40 cards for every word. And if you are, why wouldn’t you just read an article?

Other people try redefining the argument, to the point where what they’re talking about are no longer flashcards at all. And again I ask, if you’re going to do all that work, why wouldn’t you just pick up a book, or read a magazine, or listen to a lecture or podcast? There’s 1000x more context in any one of those real-world uses than there is in a deck of flashcards, no matter how much time you’ve spent making them.

This has certainly turned into a hot topic. And frankly, that’s good, because that means we’re challenging the assumptions and beliefs of traditional methods. But I think it’s time that we gather some data.

I know that more of you will find yourselves unable to resist commenting on this topic, so I’m going to ask that everyone who leaves a comment begins their comment by stating how many languages they speak fluently.

I have a strong suspicion that the biggest advocates of flashcards are people who haven’t yet finished learning their first foreign language. And I expect that the number of polyglots using flashcards is extremely low. So please, tell everyone how many languages you speak fluently when you write your comment, so we can get some actual data rather than emotion and assumption.

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  • Sara

    You know what? The truth of what you’re saying about flashcards dawned on me as I found myself using the same word in different circumstances/meanings/etc. Like, duh, Sara! How are you supposed to grasp the different (sometimes as many as 8 or 10 or more) various meanings or even subtle shades of meaning off of one flashcard? Once that dawned on me (OK, sometimes I’m a bit slow), all your points made sense. I know I’ve made a lot of progress this past year, and with applying more of your suggestions, and a bit more patience on this end, I’ll be even better this year. (And sloely but surely, I see myself getting out of the translation habit. Was so happy yesterday when I talked with my husband yesterday and realised that I don’t translate everything like I thought!)

    But, thanks again. I’m glad your point finally dawned on me!

  • A.H.

    Yes, I still think flashcards are a good tool, but you need to know how to use it. Many ppl don’t.
    By the way: it seems you learned from Benny Lewis how to make a blog attractive…

  • Josh

    I’m currently learning French; I’m not yet fluent.

    Two substantial comments, and neither commenter did what was asked:
    “I’m going to ask that everyone who leaves a comment begins their comment by stating how many languages they speak fluently.”

    It seems to me, Randy, that those arguing against you aren’t even reading your posts in entirety. Come on, people!

  • Josh

    Make that three comments.

  • A.H.

    I speak two languages fluently: German and English. I learn French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese, and I am partially fluent in these languages.

  • Sara

    Sorry for the typos — was typing this on my phone. I can spell, promise!

  • Sara

    Erm — I thought he was saying that he wanted proponents of flashcards to state their language fluency, but I suppose I misunderstood. That said, I’m fluent in English, getting there in German, and used to have a decent command of Latin (don’t use it, you totally lose it.) But I’m not a proponent of flashcards. I used them early on, and considered using them again, but now I’ve realised that if I’ve made this much progress without them (i.e. – the vast majority of my daily interactions are in German, often times even if the person is German-speaking but speaks to me in English, and my husband and I speak in a mixture of German and English), then, hey — why bother going back to flashcards — especially if they can’t really pinpoint for the the 5 or more different meanings of enthalten. I’m keep using the language, and if that doesn’t get me fluent in another year or 2, then, yeah, maybe I’ll be the first person running back to flashcards.

  • Sara

    Sorry for not stating my language fluency status — I misunderstood the last paragraph you posted. I’m fluent in English, and I’m getting there with German. I expect to feel comfortable calling myself fluent in another 1-2 years, but for now, I do pretty well with the language. (e.g. – The vast majority of my friendships here are with people I speak all or mainly German to; I speak to my mother-in-law only in German; my husband and I speak a German/English mix; I can go to the doctor/store/immigration office/wherever I want by myself and do just fine in German; I just translated a 13-page IT-related document for my husband’s boss (and got paid for it), gave a 5-minute speech a couple of weeks ago, and have another coming up in 2 weeks…)

    Writing that…hmm. Maybe I’m more adept with the language than I thought. I still need to get out of the bad habit of translating in my head more than I should (though it’s not as omnipresent and pervasive as I’d originally thought that it was.)

    I used flashcards for a bit back in March (maybe for 1-2 weeks) before I got utterly bored with them and pushed myself to talk to people more, no matter what. I also used the words and vocabulary I knew to make myself write sentences/paragraphs on the fly (wanted to improve my writing in case I entered the business world), and used the new vocabulary I was learning in conversation. Surprise, surprise… all that worked a ton better than flashcards, now that I’m thinking back on it.

    My previous thoughts of perhaps considering going back to flashcards was based on a fear that I’m stuck with my language learning and not progressing, which isn’t really true — I’m just a bit of a perfectionist and need to chill out and keep communicating with people. I do think that I need to stretch myself a step farther (more television, movies, and local slang), but that will come in time. Honestly, I guess my worst stumbling block is lack of patience.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    In general, that is what I meant. What I’m interested in finding out is whether people are for or against flashcards, and how many languages (beside their native language) they speak fluently.

    I expect to find that most flashcard users are still learning their first language, and some have probably finally become fluent in a second language, but that few or none are polyglots… which would be strong evidence that once you figure out how to learn languages, you figure out that flashcards don’t fit into that picture.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    Name one thing you can do with flashcards that can’t be done with another, better method.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    In other words, you speak one language fluently.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    I think you last sentence sums up the real problem for most language learners — impatience!

    In fact, I’m certain that it’s that impatience which makes people buy into the idea of flashcards. They think they’re learning more, faster. But flashcards only jam tons of one-to-one information into your short-term memory, and as soon as you put down the flashcards for a moment, everything you thought you knew is gone.

    Patience is the most important thing for a language learner. Anything worth doing is worth doing right.

  • Steve

    I’m fluent in Czech and Spanish and have learned and am learning other languages and flashcards have always helped me a lot to build my vocabulary and review it in various languages.

    I also know a few polyglots who speak a lot more languages than me and they swear by flashcards as an essential part of their learning process.

    I should add though that I like your blog and think you have many interesting ideas.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    Thanks, Steve. FWIW, it’s okay to disagree with me without a disclaimer at the end. :)

    Do you ever find yourself being slowed down by what you hear when someone speaks Czech or Spanish? Do you find yourself translating in your mind as you listen? Do you think you would have been inable to build your vocabulary without the flashcards? And last, how long did it take you to become fluent in these languages? (eg: n years at n hrs per day)

  • http://englishharmony.com Robby Kukurs

    Hi everyone!

    My native language – Latvian, I speak fluent English and Russian. And here’s an interesting thing – I studied German for 7 years at school but it’s all gone. On the other hand, I can still remember all conversational Romanian that I picked up when working with Romanian lads 8 years ago… I think that goes to prove that real-life language use beat academic studies hands down!

    As for flashcards – I have a good point to make in this regard.

    When I came to Ireland 8 years ago, I realized my English was s*&$t (contrary to what I had thought previously) and it was no good for real-life conversations. So I started improving my English by all means possible. For some reason (I reckon the traditional academic language learning experience had something to do with it…:-) I chose to cram hundreds upon hundreds of English words into my brain by using a method that is essentially the same flashcard technique.

    I was writing the words down in a notebook with a translation in Latvian and memorized them. About 5 – 10 new words daily. Repeated them all the time – I was carrying the notebooks with me and made meticulous effort to memorize every single word out of the thousands that I wrote down.

    The results were good. I started speaking English much better. But while I seemingly improved my English vocabulary, I started experiencing terrible issues:

    1) I couldn’t get rid of my native language in the back of my mind when I tried to speak English (anybody can tell me why? :-) – and this resulted in messed up speech, hesitation and stuttering, let alone the terrible unnatural sentence structures!

    2) Whenever I was trying to remember a certain English word, I involuntarily VISUALISED the word. I was driving me nuts, but I couldn’t help it, because by memorizing the words I was creating a very, very strong bond with the WRITTEN WORD instead of an ABSTRACT image as it should happen if you acquire vocabulary in a natural way!!!

    3) I could tell you were a particular word is written in one of my many pocket dictionaries, but I was struggling to use them in real conversations. My English vocabulary was brilliant for writing (when you can create sentences slowly, pick the right words from your inner SUPER-VOCABULARY :-) but useless when speaking!

    I stopped cramming English word lists in my brain when I realized what it does to you; but I can’t understand to this day how I could be so blind for years without seeing the truth – only by USING (Randy has gone great lengths to stress the importance of USING A LANGUAGE!!!! in the previous blog post) a language you can learn it and improve it!

  • Steve

    I should add that I also do a lot of living in the languages so flashcards are not my only means of learning, rather a support. For example in Czech, I live in the Czech Republic so I have intensive immersion every day but flashcards help me review new words I might have heard or read during the day. It’s really hard to imagine how I think in those languages, I don’t believe that I ever translate, although it has been known for Czech to infect my Spanish grammar and vocabulary when speaking from time to time.
    Spanish took me about 9 months of living in Spanish speaking countries plus maybe 1 hour a day of study over about 2 years, flashcards were maybe 20 minutes a day over those years.
    Czech took me between about 9 months – 2 years, depending on what level of fluency you’re talking about. In that time, I was living here and studying maybe a bit more than an hour a day average, lets say 30 minutes a day during that period on flashcards.
    Now (in my 4th year here) I study flashcards about 10 minutes a day in Czech.
    These are very vague figures. I hope it helps.

  • Tyler

    I like how you are trying to get proof as to why flash cards are bad, but aren’t you suspicious that people are going to lie about the number of languages they know?

  • Steve

    Sorry, I realised I didn’t answer all your questions.
    I never have problems with being slowed down by what I hear. I sometimes don’t understand Spanish but due to accent rather than me translating.
    I’m sure I would have been able to build my vocabulary without flashcards but in my case I think they helped me build it faster and when I think of others in my town who only used the natural process, their level of conversation and understanding is limited compared to mine by lack of vocabulary.

  • http://englishharmony.com Robby Kukurs

    I think it is the real reason why people are so adamant when it comes to flashcards – they’re looking for a silver bullet in language learning. Just think on it – every industry has one, and it’s very easy to fall for it!Language learning – learn 5000 words using SRS – and you’ve learned the language!Fat loss – use these incredible pills twice daily and lose 100 pounds in 60 days!Internet marketing – make 23,523.234$ a month – all you need to do is join this membership site and we’ll help you set up your business in no time!People are buying into the hype because it yields some results and they believe it works for 100%, and what’s worse – they believe it’s the RIGHT thing to do!…

  • http://twitter.com/hrhenry Rick Henry

    I can think of one very particular instance where flashcards really helped me, although there have been more.

    I’m a translator and interpreter by trade. I was called upon to interpret EN ES for a private party attending a boxing match. I thought “Wow, this’ll be fun! No boring courtroom stuff (my bread and butter).” Anyway, I knew nothing about boxing in either language. So first, I boned up on boxing rules, terminology, etc. in English. Then I went about finding all those same things in Spanish. Yes, that’s a very specific example that a lot of people probably won’t encounter in their learning. But I was learning not just in one language, but in two. And frankly, in this instance I looked at it as much-needed preparation for a job.

    The upshot of this is that I expanded my vocabulary in both languages by using flashcards, although the research happened first in English. And because I was really pretty thrilled to have that interpreting assignment – which happened a bit over two years ago, that new vocabulary will stay with me. To this day I can easily recall everything I learned in preparation for the event. It’s not that I particularly enjoy boxing. It was the complete set of circumstances that caused this.

    I can imagine that there are more than a few people out there that are learning a language for work, not purely for pleasure. Or more likely still, a combination of reasons.

    Would I use flashcards for everything? Of course not. Certainly not for most things either. But they’ve served their purpose for me.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    Finally, someone with a concrete example!

    I would still argue that the flashcards were a good prep for the event, but that it was the event itself which burned those word into your mind.

    So I still don’t believe that you “learned” from the flashcards, but I will give you credit for being the first commenter to suggest a good use for them!

  • http://twitter.com/hrhenry Rick Henry

    Well, because this was a job, I really needed to be exact. But as Sara sort of stated in one of her posts above, once I had done the initial research in English, I could have used my own words (perhaps not exact, but good enough) to relay the information. But again, because it was a paying job, I owed it to myself and to my client to be exact with my terminology.

    Case in point: I also speak Italian and work with it daily. I’ve not bothered to learn the exact Italian terminology for boxing because I’ve not needed it in a professional setting. But I can easily convey everything I learned about boxing in that language, even though there is some overlap of terminology between ES and IT (and truth be told, Italian *LOVES* importing English words for sporting events).

  • http://www.spanish-only.com Ramses

    Randy, I’ve used flashcards extensively in the past, and never had troubles with the translation step. I just didn’t translate things in my head, mainly because I soon switched over to Spanish-Spanish items, and had enough single language input to keep me from translating stuff in my head.

    That the people you quote only used to spend a few hours a day with their target language, didn’t use the right flashcard method and didn’t take in enough input from native materials, doesn’t mean flashcards are bad.

    Flashcards aren’t holy, or the best thing after sliced bread, but they work for many people. In fact, most people I know that speak their target language fluently (without translating in their head), used flashcards extensively. How would you explain that?

  • http://www.spanish-only.com Ramses

    By the way, I speak two foreign language fluently: English and Spanish. It’s not a question of not using effective methods, as I only started to learn foreign languages three years ago.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    I definitely appreciate that you’re after the thought, and not a word. That tells me that in general, you understand how the brain works, and regardless of what method you choose, you will likely learn just fine.

    I could continue to argue that flashcards aren’t the best or most effective method for what you do, but I think it’s down to a matter of personal preference for you.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    If most people jump off a brigde, it still doesn’t make it any smarter to do that. Your argument is fundamentally flawed.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    And if you were my blog’s only reader, I would spend all the extra time I needed to make sure you understood my point. However, judging by the dozens of private responses I’ve gotten from people thanking me for these posts, it seems that I’ve been more than clear enough for most people, even in spite of all the vehement disagreement from people simply don’t like what I’m saying.

  • http://twitter.com/spanishonly Ramses

    Dutch, and although I had some English classes in high school, it wasn’t until college that I became serious about learning English.

  • Katie

    Is there really any vehement disagreement here? You’re getting a lot of responses from people who do use flashcards and to some greater success. All I can do is hope that you trust me when I say my Spanish is decent, just as I trust your ability in languages is good. I take your word for it that what you’re promoting works. I certainly do all of it, and I appreciate everything you suggest. But flashcards alone don’t do the trick. It’s the constant repetition, in a melange of contexts that does it. All the flashcard does is provide one more potential blip of a repetition, but it’s seeing the word in real life that makes it stick. And you can’t get that without plunging yourself into the language, in whatever way you can, and that includes conversations, reading, podcasts, you name it. So I guess I can’t see how flashcards can hurt. I’m not seeing comments from anyone saying you’re wrong, only that they like using flashcards.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    Katie, I’ve gotten a lot of comments from only a handful of commenters. It seems that overwhelmingly, people (just like you) comment over and over, as if by creating the appearance of a majority they will have somehow proved a point.

    But all it proves is that flashcard defenders have an almost “religious” attachment to their use of flashcards. It’s really not unlike the reaction I get from people regarding grammar. And for that matter, it’s not unlike the reaction I get from people about evolution, or the garden of eden. There is nothing strictly factual in any of these responses – except for ONE response, from Rick Henry – that makes a case for flashcards. It’s all argument from anecdote and coincidental evidence.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    As with so many other comments, what I see here is another case of someone essentially telling me I’m right, and then trying to frame that as an argument in favor of using flashcards.

    What really works — and you said it yourself — is LIVING the language. USING the language.

  • http://www.spanish-only.com Ramses

    I have the feeling that all you’re doing here is getting personal. Take people as Steve Kaufman, Khatzumoto of ajatt.com, John of woochinese.com. They became fluent in their target language, and they all use flashcards extensively.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    There’s nothing personal about pointing out a flaw in your logic.

    But it’s obvious that your tender feelings have been hurt, as evidenced in your whiney post telling the world how rude I am.

    I’m starting to see why Benny banned you from his comments. If your purpose here is just to call me a “big meanie”, don’t waste your time. I’m not here to win friends, I’m here to help people learn languages. I really don’t care about your feelings. Not one bit.

    And frankly, if I say things that are unpopular, that means I’m doing my job, because you can’t learn something new by doing the same old stuff you’ve been doing.

    I can’t say anything about ajatt or woo, because I don’t get into chinese or japanese. But I am qualified to criticize Kaufman, who after 4+ years of Russian study still sounds like a damn fool when he tries to speak. Apparently his methods pale in comparison to my own, which had me at basic fluency in one year.

  • Anonymous

    To be honest, you cannot say that Steve Kaufman uses flashcards and so they must be of some use. Take Steve for example. He is saying he uses flashcards for learning and that they have helped because he wants to sell his product. Lingq won’t be so popular if Steve said on his site: “Here’s a program based entirely on flashcards but I on’t use them because they don’t aid me in my learning at all.” It’s just advertising.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    It’s all just anecdotal evidence and implied causality.

  • http://www.yearlyglot.com/ Randy the Yearlyglot

    To repeat the common refrain… I didn’t learn English with flashcards. And yet I have a very good vocabulary.

    Fluency isn’t about how many words you know. Fluency is about being able to express yourself freely. I’m happier to have a smaller vocabulary of words that I actually use, rather than to be a walking dictionary who stutters and stumbles and slows everyone down.

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